I. GLOSSARY

A

• Achacha - a ploughing-implement

• Agara, agarani - აგარა, a privately-owned plot of land.

• Amid (Arabic) - scribe, head of a chancellory

• Amirakhori - assistant of the "amirspasalari".

• Amirejibi - ამირეჯიბი, assistant of the "mandaturt-ukhutsesi".

• Amirspasalari - ამირსპასალარი, chief of the war-department.

• Atabagi (Turkic) - ათაბაგი, tutor to the prince, adviser to the king.

• Aznauri - აზნაური, feudal lord in 5th - 12th-century Georgia. 2. Lower order of the feudal nobility in the 12th - 18th centuries.

B

• Ben, ukhutsesi - elder, hier, town-elder, department-head.

C

• Caesar - Byzantium court-title.

D

• Darbazi - დარბაზი, 1. Palace, hall; 2. consultative body at the royal court.

• Didebuli - დიდებული, noble, higher order of feudal aristocracy in Georgia in the 11th-12th centuries.

• Dinari - დინარი, silver-coin.

• Domestik - military rank in Byzantium.

• Dzgveni - ძღვენი, offering, present.

E

• Emir (amira, Arabic) - ემირი, governor of a town or region. Eri- 1. troops; 2. freedmen-members of a community.

• Erismtavari - ერისმთავარი, governor of a region, e. g.

• Erismtavari of Kartli (ruler of Kartli).

• Erismtavarship - Kartli ruled by an "erismtavari".

• Eristavi - ერისთავი, governor of a region, army-commander.

• Eristavt-eristavi - governor of a large region, to whom "eristavis" may be subordinated.

G

• Gala - duty paid in kind (grain) by peasants.

• Garetmosuli - a peasant who bonds himself to a feudal lord by free will (literally,"one who comes from without").

• Glekhi - გლეხი, peasant.

• Gutani - გუთანი, plough.

I

• Ikta - conditional feudal possession of land in Muslim countries.

K

• Karabadini - კარაბადინი, medical book.

• Kma - ყმა, 1. vassal; 2. serf.

• Koka - კოკა, liquid - measure (wine).

• Kharaja (Arabic) -Arab land-tax.

• Khevi - ხევი, I. ravine; 2. administrative unit.

• Khevisberi - ხევისბერი, ruler of a khevi (secular and ecclesiastical head among mountain-tribes of Eastern Georgia).

• Khorepiskopos (Greek) - title of rulers of Kakheti in the 8th-9th centuries.

• Kulukhi - quitrent on wine.

• Kurapalati - კურაპალატი, Byzantine court-title.

L

• Litra - liquid-measure.

M

• Magister - Byzantine court-title.

• Mampali - lord.

• Mandaturi - overseer, policeman.

• Mandaturtukhutsesi - chief overseer, head of the department of the interior and communication.

• Mdabiori - member of the lower strata of the population (literally, inhabitant of a "daba", a village).

• Meabjretukhutsesi - მეაბჯრეთუხუცესი, custodian of an arms-repository.

• Mechurchletukhutsesi - მეჭურჭლეთუხუცესი, chief treasurer, head of the finance-department.

• Mokme - მოყმე, knight.

• Molashkre - მოლაშქრე, warrior.

• Mona-spa - royal guard.

• Mouravi - მოურავი, manager.

• Msakhuri - მსახური, servant.

• Msakhurtukhutsesi - მსახურთუხუცესი, "major domo" at court, manager of the court-economy.

• Msoplio - მსოფლიო, member of the lower strata of the population (literally, inhabitant of a "sopeli", a village).

• Muhtassibi (Arabic) - town-official.

• Mtsignobartukhutsesi - მწიგნობართუხუცესი, 1. Head of the royal chancellory, minister of education (literally, chief "mtsignobari" - scribe); 2. at the beginning of the 12th century he became a "vaziri" of the king.

N

• Naskidi - ნასყიდი, purchased, hire 1. purchased peasant, 2. purchased land.

• Nebieri - ნებიერი, peasant who voluntarily goes into bondage.

• Novelissimus – Byzantine court-title.

P

• Panipersebastos – Byzantine court-title.

• Parakimenon - chamberlain.

• Pudze - ფუძე, peasant-holding.

R

• Reis (Arabic) - mayor.

S

• Saajo kari - royal court of law.

• Sachurchle - საჭურჭლე, treasury.

• Samaspindzlo - სამასპინძლო, tax in kind.

• Samushao - სამუშაო, corvee.

• Sasepo - 1. Crown-property; 2. tax to the Crown.

• Sebastos - Byzantine court-title.

• Spasalari (Persian) - სპასალარი, military leader.

• Spaspeti (Persian) - სპასპეტი, military leader.

• Sukhra (Arabic) - quitrent.

• Savaziro - სავაზირო, council of "vaziris".

• Shetsiruli - შეწირული, peasants donated to monasteries.

• Shihna (Arabic) - viceroy.

• Shurta (Arabic) - police-official.

T

• Tavadi - თავადი, head of a feudal clan.

• Tsikhistavi - ციხისთავი, commander of a fortress-garrison and ruler of a region.

• Tsikhovani - ციხოვანი, nobleman possessing a fortress.

U

• Uremi - ურემი, bullock-cart.

V

• Vachartukhutsesi - ვაჭართუხუცესი, merchant-elder.

• Vaziri - ვაზირი, ვეზირი, 1. assistant, counsellor; 2. Department-head.

Z

• Zardakhana – repository of crown-treasures.

II. ETHNO-GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX

A

• Abkhasia - აფხაზეთი, 1. in the narrow sense, part of Western Georgia; 2. in the broad sense, the whole of Western Georgia; 3. Georgia.

• Abkhasian - აფხაზური, 1. inhabitant of Abkhazia; 2. inhabitant of Western Georgia.

• Agarani - fortress in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Akhalkalaki - ახალქალაქი, town and fortress in Javakheti.

• Akhaltsikhe - ახალციხე, town and fortress in Samtskhe.

• Alaverdi - ალავერდი, village and episcopal cathedral in Kakheti.

• Alazani - ალაზანი, river in Eastern Georgia, tributary of the Kura.

• Aleppo - town in Syria.

• Ali - ალი, town in "Shida" Kartli.

• Amberd - town in Armenia.

• Anakopiya - ანაკოფია, town and fortress on the Black Sea.

• Ani - ანი, town in Armenia, capital of the kingdom of the same name.

• Ancha - ანჩა, village and episcopal cathedral in Shavsheti.

• Antioch - town in ancient Syria; feudal principality founded by Crusaders.

• Apahunik - region in historical Great Armenia.

• Aragatsi - mountain in Armenia.

• Aragvi - არაგვი, river in Eastern Georgia, eastern tributary of the Mtkvari.

• Araks - largest tributary of the Kura, flows across Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan.

• Archesh - town in historical Armenia. Ardebil - town in Iran.

• Argveti - არგვეთი, historic-geographical region in Western Georgia.

• Artaani - არტაანი, region and town in historical south-western Georgia.

• Artanuji (Ardagan) - არტანუჯი, town in K.larjeti.

• Ashorniya - fortress in Armenia.

• Ateni - ათენი, fortress and town in "Shida" Kartli.

• Athoni - ათონი, eastern salient of the Chalcedon peninsula in the Aegean.

• Atropatena - historical region in Southern Azerbaijan.

B

• Bagratids of Armenia - royal family.

• Bagrationi of Georgia - royal family.

• Bana - ბანა, town in Tao.

• Baraleti - town in South-western Georgia.

• Bardav, Partav - town in Azerbaijan.

• Basiani - historic-geographical region in South-western Georgia (now in Turkey).

• Bedia - ბერდია, village and episcopal cathedral in Western Georgia.

• Berkri - town in historical Armenia.

• Bertubani - ბერთუბანი, monastery in East Georgia.

• Betaniya - ბეთანია, village and monastery near Tbilisi.

• Bijnis - town in Armenia.

• Birtvisi - ბირთვისი, fortress south of Tbilisi.

• Bodoji - residence of the kings of Kakheti, near Tianeti.

C

• Chaneti - ჭანეთი, historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia (now in Turkey).

• Chartaly - ჭართალი, community of highland Georgians in the Aragvi-gorge. Chechens - a people inhabiting the Northern Caucasus.

• Chkondidi - ჭყონდიდი, village and episcopal cathedra! in Western Georgia. Chormairi - region along the upper reaches of the Araks.

D

• Daghestani - დაღესატანი, land in the eastern part of the Northern Caucasus.

• Daryal Gorge, Daryal Gate, Aragva Gate, Alan or Ossetian Gate-pass across the Caucasian Mountains in the central part of Caucasus.

• Derbend - დერბენდი, coastal town, pass between the sea and the Caucasian Mountains.

• Didgori - დიდგორი, locality near Manglisi in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Dido - tribe in the central highland-part of Eastern Georgia.

• Dmanisi - დმანისი, town in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Durdzuki - ancestors of the Veinakh , inhabitants of the northern foothills of the Caucasus.

• Dvaly - დვალი, name of a tribe inhabiting, the central highland-part of Eastern Georgia.

• Dvin - town in Armenia.

• Dzaghlis-khevi - ძაღლის-ხევი, locality in South-western Georgia.

• Dzameli - Georgian feudal family.

• Dzerna - fortress in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Dzorageti - region in "Kvemo" Kartli (now in Armenia).

E

• Edessa - town in Northern Mesopotamia.

• Edessa duchy - feudal state founded by Crusaders.

• Egrisi - ეგრისი, historic-geographical province, a Georgian feudal state embracing the whole of west Georgia.

• Ertso - ერწო, historic-geographical province in the highland-part of Eastern Georgia.

• Ertsukhi - ერწუხი, locality in Kakheti.

• Erza sultanate - state in the territory of modern Turkey.

• Erzerum (Arsrum) emirate - state in the territory of modern Turkey

F

• Fatimids - dynasty of caliphs.

G

• Gagi - fortress in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Gandza, Ganja, Kirovobad - განძა, განჯა, კიროვაბადი, town in Azerbaijan, in historical Ran.

• Garkloba - fortress in Shavsheti.

• Ghvivis-khevi – locality in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Geguti - გეგუთი, royal palace near Kutaisi in Western Georgia.

• Gelakuni - town in Azerbaijan. Gelati - village, episcopal cathedral and monastery near Kutaisi in Western Georgia.

• Gishi - გიში, fortress in Hereti.

• Gori - გორი, town in "Shida" Kartli.

• Grua - fortress in a ravine of the Ksani River in "Shida" Kartli.

• Gveleti - გველეთი, village in Khevi.

H

• Harki - region in historical Great Armenia.

• Hereti - ჰერეთი, historic-geographical province in Eastern Georgia.

• Hereti principality - Eastern Georgian feudal state. Hyune Vank-Monastery in Tashiri.

I

• Iberia, Iveria - იბერია, ივერია, ancient name of Eastern Georgia (Kartli).

• Ikalto - იყალთო, village and monastery in Kakheti.

• Ikorta - იკორთა, village and monastery in "Shi-da" Kartli.

• Ildegizids - feudal dynasty in Azerbaijan, Northern Iran.

• Ingushi - ინგუში, a people inhabiting the central part of Ingusheti in the Northern Caucasus.

• Isani- ისანი, district in Tbilisi.

• Ishkhani – იშხანი, town and church in Tao.

J

• Javakheti - ჯავახეთი, historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia.

• Jiketi - ჯიქეთი, region along the Black Sea coast, north of Abkhazia.

K

• Kabala - town in Shirvan.

• Kaen - town in Armenia.

• Kakheti - კახეთი, historic-geographical province in the eastern part of Eastern Georgia.

• Kakheti principality, kingdom - Eastern Georgian feudal state.

• Kambechan, Kiziki - region in Kakheti.

• Kangari - region in Southern Georgia.

• Kars - town in historical Armenia {now in Turkey).

• Kartli - ქართლი, in the broad sense, the whole of Georgia; in the narrow sense, Western Georgia; and in a still narrower sense Upper (Zemo,ზემო), Inner (Shida, შიდა) and Lower (Kvemo, ქვემო) Kartli taken together; in the narrowest sense. Inner ("Shida") Kartli.

• Kartli Zemo (Upper) - South-western Georgia.

• Kartli Kvemo (Lower) - historic-geographical province on the west bank of the Mtkvari in Eastern Georgia.

• Kartli Shida (Inner) - historic-geographical province in Eastern Georgia, mainly the left bank of the Mtkvari from the Aragvi to the Borjomi Gorge.

• Kazvin - town in Iran.

• Khakhuli - ხახული, monastery in Tao.

• Khaldoi Arichi - ravine of the Western Euphrates.

• Khazars - ხაზარები, Turkic-speaking people.

• Khevi - historco-geographical region in the highland-part of Eastern Georgia.

• Khevsureti - ხევსურეთი, mountainous region in Eastern Georgia.

• Khlat - town in historical Southern Armenia.

• Khlat emirate - state in historical Armenia.

• Khorasan - historical region in Northeastern Iran

• Khornabuji - town in Kakheti.

• Khunani - town in South-eastern Georgia.

• Khupati - fortress on the Black Sea coast (in Southern Georgia).

• Klarjeti - კლარჯეთი, historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia.

• Kldekari - კლდეკარი, fortress in the "eristavship" of Trialeti.

• Kojori - კოჯორი, village and fortress near Tbilisi.

• Kola - historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia at the sources of the Kura River (now in Turkey).

• Korinteli - კორინთელი, Georgian Feudal family.

• Ksani - ქსანი, river in Kartli, eastern tributary of the Mtkvari.

• Kurds - ქურთები, indigenous population of the mountainous regions in Eastern and South-eastern Asia Minor.

• Kutaisi - ქუთაისი, large town in Western Georgia.

• Kveli - fortress in Javakheti.

• Kvirikidi - junior branch of the Armenian Bagratids.

L

• Lesghins – inhabitants of Daghestan (South Russia).

• Likhi,Suram Range-spurs of the Caucasian Mountains running between Eastern and Western Georgia.

• Lore - town and fortress in "Kvemo" Kartli.

N

• Nacharmagevi- ნაჭარმაგევი, locality, royal residence in "Shida" Kartli.

• Nichbisi - ნიჩბისი, village and ravine in "Shida" Kartli.

• Nikopsiya - ნიკოფსია, near modern Tuapse.

• Nikortsminda - ნიკორწმინდა, village and cathedral in Racha (Western Georgia).

O

• Odzrkhe - town and fortress in Samtske (South-Western Georgia).

• Odishi - ოდიში, historic-geographical region in Western Georgia.

• Oltisi - town in Tao.

• Orbeti - ორბეთი, fortress in south of Tbilisi. Ossetians - inhabitants of Ossetia. Oshki - church in Tao.

M

• Manaskert - town in Armenia.

• Manglisi - მანგლისი, village, region and Episcopal cathedral in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Mankaberd - fortress in Northern Armenia..

• Maragha - town in Iran.

• Marand - town in Iran.

• Mardaliya - locality in historical Great Armenia.

• Meskheti – მესხეთი, historical name of Southwestern Georgia ("zemo" Kartli).

• Miane - town in Iran.

• Moghrisi – village in "Shida" Kartli.

• Mosul - town in Iran.

• Mokheve – მოხევე, community of highland Georgians in Eastern Georgia.

• Mtkvari – მტკვარი, largest river in Georgia, also called as Kura.

• Mtskheta - მცხეთა, town in Eastern Georgia (an ancient capital of Georgia)

• Mukhrani - მუხრანი, Mtskheta district , fortress in "Shida" Kartli.

P

• Palakatsio – region in South-western Georgia.

• Panaskerti - ფანასკერტი, fortress in Tao.

• Partskhisi - ფარცხისი, fortress in south of Tbilisi.

• Pavneli - Georgian feudal family.

• Pkhovi - ფხოვი, historic-geographical region in Eastern Georgia.

• Pkhovis - inhabitants of Pkhovi.

• Pkhveneli – Georgian feudal family.

R

• Racha - რაჭა, historic-geographical province in the highland-part of Western Georgia.

• Rani, Arani - Seljuk Turkish state on the territory of Modern Azerbaijan.

• Rkoni - რკონი, village and monastery in "Shida" Kartli.

• Rum sultanate - Koni sultanate, in Asia Minor.

• Rustavi - რუსთავი, town in Eastern Georgia, south of Tbilisi, on the bank of the Mtkvari.

S

• Sakartvelo - საქართველო, Georgia.

• Samgori - სამგორი, locality east of Tbilisi.

• Samshvilde - სამშვილდე, town and fortress in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Samtskhe - სამცხე, historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia.

• Shamkori, Shamkor - შამქორი, town in Northern Azerbaijan.

• Shavsheti - შავშეთი, historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia (now in Turkey).

• Shemakha - town in Northern Azerbaijan.

• Shiomghvime – შიომღვიმე, monastery in Kartli, near Mtskheta.

• Shirak - region in Northern Armenia.

• Shirvan - state, a historical region in Northern Azerbaijan.

• Skoreti – locality in "Kvemo" Kartli.

• Speri (Ispir) - historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia (now in Turkey).

• Surami - სურამი, town in "Shida" Kartli.

• Svaneti - სვანეთი, historic-geographical province in the highland-part of Western Georgia.

• Sveri – fortress in Western Georgia.

T

• Takveri - თაყვერი, historic-geographical region in the higland-part of Western Georgia.

• Tao - ტაო, historic-geographical province in South-western Georgia (now in Turkey).

• Taoskari - ტაოსკარი, locality in Tao.

• Tashiri - historic-geographical region in "kvemo" Kartli.

• Tashis Kari - locality on the boundary of "Shida" and "Zemo" Kartli at the entrance to the Borjomi Gorge.

• Tajiki – ტაჯიკი, Arabs (inhebitens of Tadjikistan – Besiki)

• Tbeli - თბელი Georgian feudal family.

• Tbeti - ტბეთი, 1. village in "Shida" Kartli; 2. village and cathedral in Shavsheti.

• Tbilisi - თბილისი, capital of Georgia.

• Tbilisi-emirate - part of Eastern Georgia ruled by the Arab emir.

• Telavi - თელავი, town in Kakheti.

• Tergi - თერგი, river in the Caucasus.

• Terunakan - fortress in Northern Armenia.

• Tianeti - თიანეთი, historic-geographical region in the mountainous part of Kakheti.

• Tighva - თიღვა, village in "Shida" Kartli.

• Tiriponi - valley in Kartli.

• Tmogvi - თმოგვი, town in Javakheti.

• Tori - თორი, historic-geographical region in Kartli.

• Tortomi - historic-geographical region, lake, river and fortress in Southwestern Georgia (now in Turkey).

• Trapezund -town on the southern shore of the Black Sea.

• Trialeti - თრიალეთი, historic-geographical region in Kartli, south of Tbilisi.

• Tserpti - fortress in Shavsheti.

• Tsirkoli – fortress in "Shida" Kartli.

• Tskhumi, Sukhumi - ცხუმი, სოხუმი, town on the Black Sea coast.

• Tusheti - თუშეთი, mountainous region in Eastern Georgia.

U

• Ujarma - უჯარმა, town in Kakheti.

• Ukhtik - see Oltisi - town in Tao.

• Uplis Tsikhe - უფლისციხე, town and fortress in "Shida" Kartli.

• Urbnisi - ურბნისი, village and episcopal cathedral in "Shida" Kartli.

V

• Vanand of Kars - kingdom of the Armenian Bagratuni.

• Vardzia - ვარძია, Monastery carved out of rock in Javakheti.

• Vaspurakan - region, kingdom in mediaeval Armenia.

• Vejini - fortress in Historical Hereti.

• Veinakhi - inhabitants of the northern foothills of the Caucasus.

Z

• Zedazeni - ზედაზენი, fortress and monastery near Mtskheta.

• Zenjani - town in Iran.

• Zhinvani - ჟინვანი, ჟინვალი, present-day Zhinvali, town in the Aragvi Gorge (Dusheti district - Besiki).

• Zovreti - town in Kartli.
  
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